1 00:00:21,760 --> 00:00:37,230 glare 2 00:00:37,230 --> 00:00:37,240 3 00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:47,680 again 4 00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:47,690 5 00:00:47,690 --> 00:00:54,150 and body babe 6 00:00:54,150 --> 00:00:54,160 7 00:00:54,160 --> 00:01:01,370 ma'am 8 00:01:01,370 --> 00:01:01,380 9 00:01:01,380 --> 00:01:04,229 welcome to this edition of NASA images 10 00:01:04,229 --> 00:01:04,239 welcome to this edition of NASA images 11 00:01:04,239 --> 00:01:06,990 welcome to this edition of NASA images I'm Lynn Bondurant during this show were 12 00:01:06,990 --> 00:01:07,000 I'm Lynn Bondurant during this show were 13 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:09,570 I'm Lynn Bondurant during this show were focusing on historic NASA documentary 14 00:01:09,570 --> 00:01:09,580 focusing on historic NASA documentary 15 00:01:09,580 --> 00:01:11,640 focusing on historic NASA documentary footage showing NASA technology 16 00:01:11,640 --> 00:01:11,650 footage showing NASA technology 17 00:01:11,650 --> 00:01:14,310 footage showing NASA technology spin-offs to medical and energy fields 18 00:01:14,310 --> 00:01:14,320 spin-offs to medical and energy fields 19 00:01:14,320 --> 00:01:16,950 spin-offs to medical and energy fields as well as others let's start off by 20 00:01:16,950 --> 00:01:16,960 as well as others let's start off by 21 00:01:16,960 --> 00:01:20,880 as well as others let's start off by going to a NASA report from 1979 about 22 00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:20,890 going to a NASA report from 1979 about 23 00:01:20,890 --> 00:01:28,320 going to a NASA report from 1979 about electric car tests this car running on a 24 00:01:28,320 --> 00:01:28,330 electric car tests this car running on a 25 00:01:28,330 --> 00:01:30,050 electric car tests this car running on a dynamometer at NASA's Jet Propulsion 26 00:01:30,050 --> 00:01:30,060 dynamometer at NASA's Jet Propulsion 27 00:01:30,060 --> 00:01:32,910 dynamometer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena is powered by a 28 00:01:32,910 --> 00:01:32,920 Laboratory in Pasadena is powered by a 29 00:01:32,920 --> 00:01:36,450 Laboratory in Pasadena is powered by a small electric motor and 20 batteries it 30 00:01:36,450 --> 00:01:36,460 small electric motor and 20 batteries it 31 00:01:36,460 --> 00:01:39,150 small electric motor and 20 batteries it was designed and is owned by Wally repel 32 00:01:39,150 --> 00:01:39,160 was designed and is owned by Wally repel 33 00:01:39,160 --> 00:01:41,820 was designed and is owned by Wally repel a senior engineer working on JPL's 34 00:01:41,820 --> 00:01:41,830 a senior engineer working on JPL's 35 00:01:41,830 --> 00:01:44,760 a senior engineer working on JPL's electric vehicle project if large 36 00:01:44,760 --> 00:01:44,770 electric vehicle project if large 37 00:01:44,770 --> 00:01:46,499 electric vehicle project if large numbers of electric automobiles are 38 00:01:46,499 --> 00:01:46,509 numbers of electric automobiles are 39 00:01:46,509 --> 00:01:47,969 numbers of electric automobiles are needed in the future because of 40 00:01:47,969 --> 00:01:47,979 needed in the future because of 41 00:01:47,979 --> 00:01:51,030 needed in the future because of continuing oil shortages engineers here 42 00:01:51,030 --> 00:01:51,040 continuing oil shortages engineers here 43 00:01:51,040 --> 00:01:53,639 continuing oil shortages engineers here and at other NASA facilities hope to be 44 00:01:53,639 --> 00:01:53,649 and at other NASA facilities hope to be 45 00:01:53,649 --> 00:01:55,440 and at other NASA facilities hope to be ready with the research answers that 46 00:01:55,440 --> 00:01:55,450 ready with the research answers that 47 00:01:55,450 --> 00:02:01,440 ready with the research answers that will make it possible 48 00:02:01,440 --> 00:02:01,450 49 00:02:01,450 --> 00:02:04,529 I think the electric car probably will 50 00:02:04,529 --> 00:02:04,539 I think the electric car probably will 51 00:02:04,539 --> 00:02:07,200 I think the electric car probably will run in terms of energy just pure energy 52 00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:07,210 run in terms of energy just pure energy 53 00:02:07,210 --> 00:02:10,520 run in terms of energy just pure energy about the same as a gasoline engine car 54 00:02:10,520 --> 00:02:10,530 about the same as a gasoline engine car 55 00:02:10,530 --> 00:02:12,690 about the same as a gasoline engine car however we're talking about energy 56 00:02:12,690 --> 00:02:12,700 however we're talking about energy 57 00:02:12,700 --> 00:02:16,350 however we're talking about energy displacement the prime factor in favor 58 00:02:16,350 --> 00:02:16,360 displacement the prime factor in favor 59 00:02:16,360 --> 00:02:18,690 displacement the prime factor in favor of electric car is that it can use any 60 00:02:18,690 --> 00:02:18,700 of electric car is that it can use any 61 00:02:18,700 --> 00:02:20,250 of electric car is that it can use any kind of energy to produce the 62 00:02:20,250 --> 00:02:20,260 kind of energy to produce the 63 00:02:20,260 --> 00:02:23,490 kind of energy to produce the electricity oil coal nuclear even solar 64 00:02:23,490 --> 00:02:23,500 electricity oil coal nuclear even solar 65 00:02:23,500 --> 00:02:25,770 electricity oil coal nuclear even solar power for example can be used to produce 66 00:02:25,770 --> 00:02:25,780 power for example can be used to produce 67 00:02:25,780 --> 00:02:27,570 power for example can be used to produce the electricity which can then be stored 68 00:02:27,570 --> 00:02:27,580 the electricity which can then be stored 69 00:02:27,580 --> 00:02:32,100 the electricity which can then be stored in the car and use for power the 70 00:02:32,100 --> 00:02:32,110 in the car and use for power the 71 00:02:32,110 --> 00:02:34,259 in the car and use for power the assessment of current electric vehicles 72 00:02:34,259 --> 00:02:34,269 assessment of current electric vehicles 73 00:02:34,269 --> 00:02:36,720 assessment of current electric vehicles is being conducted by NASA for the US 74 00:02:36,720 --> 00:02:36,730 is being conducted by NASA for the US 75 00:02:36,730 --> 00:02:39,210 is being conducted by NASA for the US Department of Energy the research is 76 00:02:39,210 --> 00:02:39,220 Department of Energy the research is 77 00:02:39,220 --> 00:02:41,069 Department of Energy the research is expected to provide the focus and 78 00:02:41,069 --> 00:02:41,079 expected to provide the focus and 79 00:02:41,079 --> 00:02:44,699 expected to provide the focus and direction needed for future efforts at a 80 00:02:44,699 --> 00:02:44,709 direction needed for future efforts at a 81 00:02:44,709 --> 00:02:47,370 direction needed for future efforts at a mile long and infrequently used runway 82 00:02:47,370 --> 00:02:47,380 mile long and infrequently used runway 83 00:02:47,380 --> 00:02:49,069 mile long and infrequently used runway on the edge of the Mojave Desert 84 00:02:49,069 --> 00:02:49,079 on the edge of the Mojave Desert 85 00:02:49,079 --> 00:02:51,479 on the edge of the Mojave Desert engineers prepare one of the electric 86 00:02:51,479 --> 00:02:51,489 engineers prepare one of the electric 87 00:02:51,489 --> 00:03:10,260 engineers prepare one of the electric cars for coast down tests 88 00:03:10,260 --> 00:03:10,270 89 00:03:10,270 --> 00:03:14,770 if he can tell baby 13 people ah you 90 00:03:14,770 --> 00:03:14,780 if he can tell baby 13 people ah you 91 00:03:14,780 --> 00:03:18,240 if he can tell baby 13 people ah you make a life all right stand by o clock 92 00:03:18,240 --> 00:03:18,250 make a life all right stand by o clock 93 00:03:18,250 --> 00:03:35,410 make a life all right stand by o clock three two and 94 00:03:35,410 --> 00:03:35,420 95 00:03:35,420 --> 00:03:37,750 object of the coast down test is to 96 00:03:37,750 --> 00:03:37,760 object of the coast down test is to 97 00:03:37,760 --> 00:03:39,220 object of the coast down test is to determine the electric vehicles 98 00:03:39,220 --> 00:03:39,230 determine the electric vehicles 99 00:03:39,230 --> 00:03:42,070 determine the electric vehicles aerodynamic resistance the test is 100 00:03:42,070 --> 00:03:42,080 aerodynamic resistance the test is 101 00:03:42,080 --> 00:03:44,170 aerodynamic resistance the test is performed by towing the electric powered 102 00:03:44,170 --> 00:03:44,180 performed by towing the electric powered 103 00:03:44,180 --> 00:03:47,290 performed by towing the electric powered car up to about 60 miles an hour at that 104 00:03:47,290 --> 00:03:47,300 car up to about 60 miles an hour at that 105 00:03:47,300 --> 00:03:49,930 car up to about 60 miles an hour at that speed it's released the tow vehicle is 106 00:03:49,930 --> 00:03:49,940 speed it's released the tow vehicle is 107 00:03:49,940 --> 00:03:51,940 speed it's released the tow vehicle is driven out of the way and the electric 108 00:03:51,940 --> 00:03:51,950 driven out of the way and the electric 109 00:03:51,950 --> 00:03:55,360 driven out of the way and the electric car coasts to a stop both the velocity 110 00:03:55,360 --> 00:03:55,370 car coasts to a stop both the velocity 111 00:03:55,370 --> 00:03:57,610 car coasts to a stop both the velocity and distance are measured using a fifth 112 00:03:57,610 --> 00:03:57,620 and distance are measured using a fifth 113 00:03:57,620 --> 00:04:00,309 and distance are measured using a fifth wheel and recording device this tells 114 00:04:00,309 --> 00:04:00,319 wheel and recording device this tells 115 00:04:00,319 --> 00:04:02,590 wheel and recording device this tells researchers the aerodynamic resistance 116 00:04:02,590 --> 00:04:02,600 researchers the aerodynamic resistance 117 00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:05,110 researchers the aerodynamic resistance and the rolling resistance of the car 118 00:04:05,110 --> 00:04:05,120 and the rolling resistance of the car 119 00:04:05,120 --> 00:04:07,690 and the rolling resistance of the car both important factors in energy 120 00:04:07,690 --> 00:04:07,700 both important factors in energy 121 00:04:07,700 --> 00:04:11,199 both important factors in energy consumption another part of the program 122 00:04:11,199 --> 00:04:11,209 consumption another part of the program 123 00:04:11,209 --> 00:04:13,600 consumption another part of the program in the mojave is the driving cycle test 124 00:04:13,600 --> 00:04:13,610 in the mojave is the driving cycle test 125 00:04:13,610 --> 00:04:16,960 in the mojave is the driving cycle test the car is driven fast and slow as if it 126 00:04:16,960 --> 00:04:16,970 the car is driven fast and slow as if it 127 00:04:16,970 --> 00:04:19,210 the car is driven fast and slow as if it were being driven in traffic the cars 128 00:04:19,210 --> 00:04:19,220 were being driven in traffic the cars 129 00:04:19,220 --> 00:04:21,550 were being driven in traffic the cars energy flow is measured under this set 130 00:04:21,550 --> 00:04:21,560 energy flow is measured under this set 131 00:04:21,560 --> 00:04:23,469 energy flow is measured under this set of driving conditions as well as the 132 00:04:23,469 --> 00:04:23,479 of driving conditions as well as the 133 00:04:23,479 --> 00:04:25,570 of driving conditions as well as the range that the car can achieve with 134 00:04:25,570 --> 00:04:25,580 range that the car can achieve with 135 00:04:25,580 --> 00:04:28,600 range that the car can achieve with fully charged batteries again project 136 00:04:28,600 --> 00:04:28,610 fully charged batteries again project 137 00:04:28,610 --> 00:04:31,330 fully charged batteries again project manager Tom barber the frequency of 138 00:04:31,330 --> 00:04:31,340 manager Tom barber the frequency of 139 00:04:31,340 --> 00:04:34,950 manager Tom barber the frequency of recharge depends very heavily on how the 140 00:04:34,950 --> 00:04:34,960 recharge depends very heavily on how the 141 00:04:34,960 --> 00:04:37,960 recharge depends very heavily on how the car is used just as for example the 142 00:04:37,960 --> 00:04:37,970 car is used just as for example the 143 00:04:37,970 --> 00:04:40,390 car is used just as for example the gasoline my logic of your car varies 144 00:04:40,390 --> 00:04:40,400 gasoline my logic of your car varies 145 00:04:40,400 --> 00:04:43,090 gasoline my logic of your car varies depending on how you use it if you use 146 00:04:43,090 --> 00:04:43,100 depending on how you use it if you use 147 00:04:43,100 --> 00:04:45,790 depending on how you use it if you use the car around town you'll get probably 148 00:04:45,790 --> 00:04:45,800 the car around town you'll get probably 149 00:04:45,800 --> 00:04:49,960 the car around town you'll get probably 45 miles or so on a full charge it takes 150 00:04:49,960 --> 00:04:49,970 45 miles or so on a full charge it takes 151 00:04:49,970 --> 00:04:53,080 45 miles or so on a full charge it takes approximately 8 to 12 hours to replace 152 00:04:53,080 --> 00:04:53,090 approximately 8 to 12 hours to replace 153 00:04:53,090 --> 00:04:55,900 approximately 8 to 12 hours to replace that full charge on the open highway for 154 00:04:55,900 --> 00:04:55,910 that full charge on the open highway for 155 00:04:55,910 --> 00:04:57,820 that full charge on the open highway for example at 55 miles an hour you might 156 00:04:57,820 --> 00:04:57,830 example at 55 miles an hour you might 157 00:04:57,830 --> 00:05:00,550 example at 55 miles an hour you might get as much as 75 miles and the recharge 158 00:05:00,550 --> 00:05:00,560 get as much as 75 miles and the recharge 159 00:05:00,560 --> 00:05:02,140 get as much as 75 miles and the recharge time is still the same because you have 160 00:05:02,140 --> 00:05:02,150 time is still the same because you have 161 00:05:02,150 --> 00:05:06,630 time is still the same because you have to replenish the battery 162 00:05:06,630 --> 00:05:06,640 163 00:05:06,640 --> 00:05:10,090 electric car research an effort to find 164 00:05:10,090 --> 00:05:10,100 electric car research an effort to find 165 00:05:10,100 --> 00:05:11,740 electric car research an effort to find reasonable alternatives to 166 00:05:11,740 --> 00:05:11,750 reasonable alternatives to 167 00:05:11,750 --> 00:05:14,020 reasonable alternatives to gasoline-powered automobiles that may 168 00:05:14,020 --> 00:05:14,030 gasoline-powered automobiles that may 169 00:05:14,030 --> 00:05:18,910 gasoline-powered automobiles that may also be quieter and less polluting not 170 00:05:18,910 --> 00:05:18,920 also be quieter and less polluting not 171 00:05:18,920 --> 00:05:21,130 also be quieter and less polluting not only was NASA involved with electric 172 00:05:21,130 --> 00:05:21,140 only was NASA involved with electric 173 00:05:21,140 --> 00:05:23,950 only was NASA involved with electric cars during the energy crisis but also 174 00:05:23,950 --> 00:05:23,960 cars during the energy crisis but also 175 00:05:23,960 --> 00:05:26,830 cars during the energy crisis but also wind power later during the next report 176 00:05:26,830 --> 00:05:26,840 wind power later during the next report 177 00:05:26,840 --> 00:05:29,200 wind power later during the next report please notice that the blades of the 178 00:05:29,200 --> 00:05:29,210 please notice that the blades of the 179 00:05:29,210 --> 00:05:31,510 please notice that the blades of the large wind turbine machines are like 180 00:05:31,510 --> 00:05:31,520 large wind turbine machines are like 181 00:05:31,520 --> 00:05:37,030 large wind turbine machines are like wings in some ways residents of this 182 00:05:37,030 --> 00:05:37,040 wings in some ways residents of this 183 00:05:37,040 --> 00:05:39,160 wings in some ways residents of this rhode island community can use steady 184 00:05:39,160 --> 00:05:39,170 rhode island community can use steady 185 00:05:39,170 --> 00:05:41,410 rhode island community can use steady ocean breezes to help air-conditioned 186 00:05:41,410 --> 00:05:41,420 ocean breezes to help air-conditioned 187 00:05:41,420 --> 00:05:43,510 ocean breezes to help air-conditioned their homes in the summer or to heat 188 00:05:43,510 --> 00:05:43,520 their homes in the summer or to heat 189 00:05:43,520 --> 00:05:45,480 their homes in the summer or to heat them during the cold New England winters 190 00:05:45,480 --> 00:05:45,490 them during the cold New England winters 191 00:05:45,490 --> 00:05:47,590 them during the cold New England winters they'll do it with a two hundred 192 00:05:47,590 --> 00:05:47,600 they'll do it with a two hundred 193 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:51,880 they'll do it with a two hundred thousand watt wind turbine generator the 194 00:05:51,880 --> 00:05:51,890 thousand watt wind turbine generator the 195 00:05:51,890 --> 00:05:54,430 thousand watt wind turbine generator the place is block island about 35 miles 196 00:05:54,430 --> 00:05:54,440 place is block island about 35 miles 197 00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:56,970 place is block island about 35 miles south of Providence this is the third 198 00:05:56,970 --> 00:05:56,980 south of Providence this is the third 199 00:05:56,980 --> 00:05:59,350 south of Providence this is the third experimental two hundred thousand watt 200 00:05:59,350 --> 00:05:59,360 experimental two hundred thousand watt 201 00:05:59,360 --> 00:06:02,140 experimental two hundred thousand watt wind machine in a five-year wind energy 202 00:06:02,140 --> 00:06:02,150 wind machine in a five-year wind energy 203 00:06:02,150 --> 00:06:04,150 wind machine in a five-year wind energy program a joint project of the 204 00:06:04,150 --> 00:06:04,160 program a joint project of the 205 00:06:04,160 --> 00:06:07,420 program a joint project of the Department of Energy and NASA this New 206 00:06:07,420 --> 00:06:07,430 Department of Energy and NASA this New 207 00:06:07,430 --> 00:06:09,580 Department of Energy and NASA this New England island like all windmill sites 208 00:06:09,580 --> 00:06:09,590 England island like all windmill sites 209 00:06:09,590 --> 00:06:11,920 England island like all windmill sites was chosen because of its consistently 210 00:06:11,920 --> 00:06:11,930 was chosen because of its consistently 211 00:06:11,930 --> 00:06:15,700 was chosen because of its consistently high winds the generator will electrify 212 00:06:15,700 --> 00:06:15,710 high winds the generator will electrify 213 00:06:15,710 --> 00:06:18,940 high winds the generator will electrify up to 250 homes during the winter that's 214 00:06:18,940 --> 00:06:18,950 up to 250 homes during the winter that's 215 00:06:18,950 --> 00:06:21,010 up to 250 homes during the winter that's half the permanent residences on the 216 00:06:21,010 --> 00:06:21,020 half the permanent residences on the 217 00:06:21,020 --> 00:06:23,860 half the permanent residences on the island until the windmill block I'll 218 00:06:23,860 --> 00:06:23,870 island until the windmill block I'll 219 00:06:23,870 --> 00:06:26,020 island until the windmill block I'll amused all diesel generators for 220 00:06:26,020 --> 00:06:26,030 amused all diesel generators for 221 00:06:26,030 --> 00:06:28,840 amused all diesel generators for electricity but now wind energy and 222 00:06:28,840 --> 00:06:28,850 electricity but now wind energy and 223 00:06:28,850 --> 00:06:31,180 electricity but now wind energy and diesel fuel will work together to power 224 00:06:31,180 --> 00:06:31,190 diesel fuel will work together to power 225 00:06:31,190 --> 00:06:34,960 diesel fuel will work together to power the island block Islands winds should 226 00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:34,970 the island block Islands winds should 227 00:06:34,970 --> 00:06:36,730 the island block Islands winds should make it possible for the generator to 228 00:06:36,730 --> 00:06:36,740 make it possible for the generator to 229 00:06:36,740 --> 00:06:38,800 make it possible for the generator to operate at an average year round output 230 00:06:38,800 --> 00:06:38,810 operate at an average year round output 231 00:06:38,810 --> 00:06:42,060 operate at an average year round output of one hundred thousand watts an hour 232 00:06:42,060 --> 00:06:42,070 of one hundred thousand watts an hour 233 00:06:42,070 --> 00:06:45,340 of one hundred thousand watts an hour now when we come to savings it's 234 00:06:45,340 --> 00:06:45,350 now when we come to savings it's 235 00:06:45,350 --> 00:06:48,070 now when we come to savings it's directly proportional to the fuel if 236 00:06:48,070 --> 00:06:48,080 directly proportional to the fuel if 237 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:49,420 directly proportional to the fuel if this 238 00:06:49,420 --> 00:06:49,430 this 239 00:06:49,430 --> 00:06:51,920 this machine generates approximately a 240 00:06:51,920 --> 00:06:51,930 machine generates approximately a 241 00:06:51,930 --> 00:06:54,260 machine generates approximately a hundred average which it will with 17 242 00:06:54,260 --> 00:06:54,270 hundred average which it will with 17 243 00:06:54,270 --> 00:06:57,050 hundred average which it will with 17 mile an hour wind that would come to a 244 00:06:57,050 --> 00:06:57,060 mile an hour wind that would come to a 245 00:06:57,060 --> 00:06:59,180 mile an hour wind that would come to a considerable amount of fuel forty fifty 246 00:06:59,180 --> 00:06:59,190 considerable amount of fuel forty fifty 247 00:06:59,190 --> 00:07:02,510 considerable amount of fuel forty fifty thousand gallons during the course of a 248 00:07:02,510 --> 00:07:02,520 thousand gallons during the course of a 249 00:07:02,520 --> 00:07:04,580 thousand gallons during the course of a year and simply multiply that by the 250 00:07:04,580 --> 00:07:04,590 year and simply multiply that by the 251 00:07:04,590 --> 00:07:06,350 year and simply multiply that by the president price and you can see that 252 00:07:06,350 --> 00:07:06,360 president price and you can see that 253 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:10,250 president price and you can see that it's it's substantial block island is 254 00:07:10,250 --> 00:07:10,260 it's it's substantial block island is 255 00:07:10,260 --> 00:07:12,260 it's it's substantial block island is not the only community boasting a new 256 00:07:12,260 --> 00:07:12,270 not the only community boasting a new 257 00:07:12,270 --> 00:07:17,480 not the only community boasting a new wind generator another windmill now 258 00:07:17,480 --> 00:07:17,490 wind generator another windmill now 259 00:07:17,490 --> 00:07:20,180 wind generator another windmill now towers majestically 1,000 feet above the 260 00:07:20,180 --> 00:07:20,190 towers majestically 1,000 feet above the 261 00:07:20,190 --> 00:07:21,980 towers majestically 1,000 feet above the mountain town of boone north carolina 262 00:07:21,980 --> 00:07:21,990 mountain town of boone north carolina 263 00:07:21,990 --> 00:07:24,920 mountain town of boone north carolina and the folks from boone have lots to 264 00:07:24,920 --> 00:07:24,930 and the folks from boone have lots to 265 00:07:24,930 --> 00:07:26,990 and the folks from boone have lots to brag about because their windmill is the 266 00:07:26,990 --> 00:07:27,000 brag about because their windmill is the 267 00:07:27,000 --> 00:07:29,720 brag about because their windmill is the largest in the world the blades alone 268 00:07:29,720 --> 00:07:29,730 largest in the world the blades alone 269 00:07:29,730 --> 00:07:33,290 largest in the world the blades alone way 18 tons they spread 200 feet from 270 00:07:33,290 --> 00:07:33,300 way 18 tons they spread 200 feet from 271 00:07:33,300 --> 00:07:36,050 way 18 tons they spread 200 feet from tip to tip about the wingspan of a 272 00:07:36,050 --> 00:07:36,060 tip to tip about the wingspan of a 273 00:07:36,060 --> 00:07:40,100 tip to tip about the wingspan of a Boeing 747 the machine produces two 274 00:07:40,100 --> 00:07:40,110 Boeing 747 the machine produces two 275 00:07:40,110 --> 00:07:42,380 Boeing 747 the machine produces two million watts of electricity or ten 276 00:07:42,380 --> 00:07:42,390 million watts of electricity or ten 277 00:07:42,390 --> 00:07:45,040 million watts of electricity or ten times as much as the other generators 278 00:07:45,040 --> 00:07:45,050 times as much as the other generators 279 00:07:45,050 --> 00:07:47,960 times as much as the other generators before the dedication engineers tested 280 00:07:47,960 --> 00:07:47,970 before the dedication engineers tested 281 00:07:47,970 --> 00:07:49,790 before the dedication engineers tested the windmill from the control van yes 282 00:07:49,790 --> 00:07:49,800 the windmill from the control van yes 283 00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:53,420 the windmill from the control van yes here we go monitor enabled the 284 00:07:53,420 --> 00:07:53,430 here we go monitor enabled the 285 00:07:53,430 --> 00:07:55,430 here we go monitor enabled the electricity that's produced is cabled 286 00:07:55,430 --> 00:07:55,440 electricity that's produced is cabled 287 00:07:55,440 --> 00:07:57,500 electricity that's produced is cabled Underground through the legs of the 288 00:07:57,500 --> 00:07:57,510 Underground through the legs of the 289 00:07:57,510 --> 00:08:00,110 Underground through the legs of the generator and then ties in here before 290 00:08:00,110 --> 00:08:00,120 generator and then ties in here before 291 00:08:00,120 --> 00:08:01,610 generator and then ties in here before it's sent down the mountain for 292 00:08:01,610 --> 00:08:01,620 it's sent down the mountain for 293 00:08:01,620 --> 00:08:07,040 it's sent down the mountain for distribution 294 00:08:07,040 --> 00:08:07,050 295 00:08:07,050 --> 00:08:09,419 dedication day was a big eventing book 296 00:08:09,419 --> 00:08:09,429 dedication day was a big eventing book 297 00:08:09,429 --> 00:08:12,499 dedication day was a big eventing book it was declared a town holiday and 298 00:08:12,499 --> 00:08:12,509 it was declared a town holiday and 299 00:08:12,509 --> 00:08:14,570 it was declared a town holiday and everyone turned out to celebrate 300 00:08:14,570 --> 00:08:14,580 everyone turned out to celebrate 301 00:08:14,580 --> 00:08:20,150 everyone turned out to celebrate mountain style 302 00:08:20,150 --> 00:08:20,160 303 00:08:20,160 --> 00:09:08,750 Oh 304 00:09:08,750 --> 00:09:08,760 305 00:09:08,760 --> 00:09:11,280 interest in wind energy is growing and 306 00:09:11,280 --> 00:09:11,290 interest in wind energy is growing and 307 00:09:11,290 --> 00:09:13,710 interest in wind energy is growing and now that the cost of fossil fuel has 308 00:09:13,710 --> 00:09:13,720 now that the cost of fossil fuel has 309 00:09:13,720 --> 00:09:15,810 now that the cost of fossil fuel has increased and supplies at dwindles 310 00:09:15,810 --> 00:09:15,820 increased and supplies at dwindles 311 00:09:15,820 --> 00:09:18,150 increased and supplies at dwindles engineers are once again turning to the 312 00:09:18,150 --> 00:09:18,160 engineers are once again turning to the 313 00:09:18,160 --> 00:09:20,550 engineers are once again turning to the wind as a potential source of renewable 314 00:09:20,550 --> 00:09:20,560 wind as a potential source of renewable 315 00:09:20,560 --> 00:09:26,800 wind as a potential source of renewable energy 316 00:09:26,800 --> 00:09:26,810 317 00:09:26,810 --> 00:09:31,160 by sep tember 1982 two more experimental 318 00:09:31,160 --> 00:09:31,170 by sep tember 1982 two more experimental 319 00:09:31,170 --> 00:09:33,019 by sep tember 1982 two more experimental wind powered generators were being 320 00:09:33,019 --> 00:09:33,029 wind powered generators were being 321 00:09:33,029 --> 00:09:37,460 wind powered generators were being tested as this 1982 report shows this is 322 00:09:37,460 --> 00:09:37,470 tested as this 1982 report shows this is 323 00:09:37,470 --> 00:09:39,590 tested as this 1982 report shows this is Medicine Bow Wyoming site of the 324 00:09:39,590 --> 00:09:39,600 Medicine Bow Wyoming site of the 325 00:09:39,600 --> 00:09:41,869 Medicine Bow Wyoming site of the dedication of to wind powered generators 326 00:09:41,869 --> 00:09:41,879 dedication of to wind powered generators 327 00:09:41,879 --> 00:09:44,299 dedication of to wind powered generators on sep tember forth the project is a 328 00:09:44,299 --> 00:09:44,309 on sep tember forth the project is a 329 00:09:44,309 --> 00:09:46,249 on sep tember forth the project is a joint endeavor of NASA's Lewis research 330 00:09:46,249 --> 00:09:46,259 joint endeavor of NASA's Lewis research 331 00:09:46,259 --> 00:09:48,019 joint endeavor of NASA's Lewis research center the Department of Energy and the 332 00:09:48,019 --> 00:09:48,029 center the Department of Energy and the 333 00:09:48,029 --> 00:09:50,929 center the Department of Energy and the Bureau of Reclamation one unit was built 334 00:09:50,929 --> 00:09:50,939 Bureau of Reclamation one unit was built 335 00:09:50,939 --> 00:09:52,699 Bureau of Reclamation one unit was built by the hamilton standard company and is 336 00:09:52,699 --> 00:09:52,709 by the hamilton standard company and is 337 00:09:52,709 --> 00:09:55,309 by the hamilton standard company and is nearly 400 feet high it's capable of 338 00:09:55,309 --> 00:09:55,319 nearly 400 feet high it's capable of 339 00:09:55,319 --> 00:09:57,939 nearly 400 feet high it's capable of producing for megawatts of electricity 340 00:09:57,939 --> 00:09:57,949 producing for megawatts of electricity 341 00:09:57,949 --> 00:10:00,439 producing for megawatts of electricity the second unit constructed by the 342 00:10:00,439 --> 00:10:00,449 the second unit constructed by the 343 00:10:00,449 --> 00:10:01,939 the second unit constructed by the Boeing engineering and construction 344 00:10:01,939 --> 00:10:01,949 Boeing engineering and construction 345 00:10:01,949 --> 00:10:04,730 Boeing engineering and construction company is powered by a rotor 300 feet 346 00:10:04,730 --> 00:10:04,740 company is powered by a rotor 300 feet 347 00:10:04,740 --> 00:10:06,889 company is powered by a rotor 300 feet in diameter and can produce two point 348 00:10:06,889 --> 00:10:06,899 in diameter and can produce two point 349 00:10:06,899 --> 00:10:09,710 in diameter and can produce two point five megawatts of electricity when 350 00:10:09,710 --> 00:10:09,720 five megawatts of electricity when 351 00:10:09,720 --> 00:10:11,509 five megawatts of electricity when operating together the pair of wind 352 00:10:11,509 --> 00:10:11,519 operating together the pair of wind 353 00:10:11,519 --> 00:10:13,129 operating together the pair of wind turbines will provide enough energy to 354 00:10:13,129 --> 00:10:13,139 turbines will provide enough energy to 355 00:10:13,139 --> 00:10:14,929 turbines will provide enough energy to meet the needs of three thousand homes 356 00:10:14,929 --> 00:10:14,939 meet the needs of three thousand homes 357 00:10:14,939 --> 00:10:17,650 meet the needs of three thousand homes in the rocky mountain area three other 358 00:10:17,650 --> 00:10:17,660 in the rocky mountain area three other 359 00:10:17,660 --> 00:10:20,780 in the rocky mountain area three other 300-foot wind turbines were erected and 360 00:10:20,780 --> 00:10:20,790 300-foot wind turbines were erected and 361 00:10:20,790 --> 00:10:22,460 300-foot wind turbines were erected and successfully tested in the state of 362 00:10:22,460 --> 00:10:22,470 successfully tested in the state of 363 00:10:22,470 --> 00:10:25,309 successfully tested in the state of Washington a third-generation wind 364 00:10:25,309 --> 00:10:25,319 Washington a third-generation wind 365 00:10:25,319 --> 00:10:27,499 Washington a third-generation wind turbine was installed and tested in 366 00:10:27,499 --> 00:10:27,509 turbine was installed and tested in 367 00:10:27,509 --> 00:10:31,189 turbine was installed and tested in Hawaii in 1987 following successful 368 00:10:31,189 --> 00:10:31,199 Hawaii in 1987 following successful 369 00:10:31,199 --> 00:10:33,319 Hawaii in 1987 following successful completion of the NASA wind turbine 370 00:10:33,319 --> 00:10:33,329 completion of the NASA wind turbine 371 00:10:33,329 --> 00:10:35,990 completion of the NASA wind turbine development program the machine was sold 372 00:10:35,990 --> 00:10:36,000 development program the machine was sold 373 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:38,240 development program the machine was sold to Hawaiian Electric renewable systems 374 00:10:38,240 --> 00:10:38,250 to Hawaiian Electric renewable systems 375 00:10:38,250 --> 00:10:42,139 to Hawaiian Electric renewable systems corporation in early 1988 according to 376 00:10:42,139 --> 00:10:42,149 corporation in early 1988 according to 377 00:10:42,149 --> 00:10:45,259 corporation in early 1988 according to dr. David spira of NASA Hawaiian 378 00:10:45,259 --> 00:10:45,269 dr. David spira of NASA Hawaiian 379 00:10:45,269 --> 00:10:48,110 dr. David spira of NASA Hawaiian Electric is to operate the 3.2 mega watt 380 00:10:48,110 --> 00:10:48,120 Electric is to operate the 3.2 mega watt 381 00:10:48,120 --> 00:10:51,199 Electric is to operate the 3.2 mega watt machine to make commercial power and the 382 00:10:51,199 --> 00:10:51,209 machine to make commercial power and the 383 00:10:51,209 --> 00:10:52,670 machine to make commercial power and the company is to give NASA and the 384 00:10:52,670 --> 00:10:52,680 company is to give NASA and the 385 00:10:52,680 --> 00:10:55,280 company is to give NASA and the Department of Energy five years of 386 00:10:55,280 --> 00:10:55,290 Department of Energy five years of 387 00:10:55,290 --> 00:10:58,460 Department of Energy five years of operation reports now let's move from 388 00:10:58,460 --> 00:10:58,470 operation reports now let's move from 389 00:10:58,470 --> 00:11:02,179 operation reports now let's move from wind power to a 1979 report call 390 00:11:02,179 --> 00:11:02,189 wind power to a 1979 report call 391 00:11:02,189 --> 00:11:06,759 wind power to a 1979 report call satellite freeze warning 392 00:11:06,759 --> 00:11:06,769 393 00:11:06,769 --> 00:11:09,079 most of us take it for granted that 394 00:11:09,079 --> 00:11:09,089 most of us take it for granted that 395 00:11:09,089 --> 00:11:11,210 most of us take it for granted that they'll be fresh fruit in the stores all 396 00:11:11,210 --> 00:11:11,220 they'll be fresh fruit in the stores all 397 00:11:11,220 --> 00:11:14,210 they'll be fresh fruit in the stores all winter long but citrus growers often 398 00:11:14,210 --> 00:11:14,220 winter long but citrus growers often 399 00:11:14,220 --> 00:11:15,889 winter long but citrus growers often have trouble getting oranges and 400 00:11:15,889 --> 00:11:15,899 have trouble getting oranges and 401 00:11:15,899 --> 00:11:17,870 have trouble getting oranges and grapefruits to our supermarkets during 402 00:11:17,870 --> 00:11:17,880 grapefruits to our supermarkets during 403 00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:29,540 grapefruits to our supermarkets during the cold season 404 00:11:29,540 --> 00:11:29,550 405 00:11:29,550 --> 00:11:32,700 in the past few years fruit growers have 406 00:11:32,700 --> 00:11:32,710 in the past few years fruit growers have 407 00:11:32,710 --> 00:11:34,860 in the past few years fruit growers have spent millions of dollars trying to save 408 00:11:34,860 --> 00:11:34,870 spent millions of dollars trying to save 409 00:11:34,870 --> 00:11:40,190 spent millions of dollars trying to save their crops from winter freezes 410 00:11:40,190 --> 00:11:40,200 411 00:11:40,200 --> 00:11:42,830 these oil heaters are used for freeze 412 00:11:42,830 --> 00:11:42,840 these oil heaters are used for freeze 413 00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:49,510 these oil heaters are used for freeze protection 414 00:11:49,510 --> 00:11:49,520 415 00:11:49,520 --> 00:11:51,890 crews can set them up early in the 416 00:11:51,890 --> 00:11:51,900 crews can set them up early in the 417 00:11:51,900 --> 00:11:54,560 crews can set them up early in the evening and flames will warn the orange 418 00:11:54,560 --> 00:11:54,570 evening and flames will warn the orange 419 00:11:54,570 --> 00:11:57,680 evening and flames will warn the orange or grapefruit roads until morning many 420 00:11:57,680 --> 00:11:57,690 or grapefruit roads until morning many 421 00:11:57,690 --> 00:11:59,660 or grapefruit roads until morning many nights during the winter Florida growers 422 00:11:59,660 --> 00:11:59,670 nights during the winter Florida growers 423 00:11:59,670 --> 00:12:01,670 nights during the winter Florida growers are faced with the decision whether to 424 00:12:01,670 --> 00:12:01,680 are faced with the decision whether to 425 00:12:01,680 --> 00:12:04,310 are faced with the decision whether to call out standby freeze protection crews 426 00:12:04,310 --> 00:12:04,320 call out standby freeze protection crews 427 00:12:04,320 --> 00:12:07,190 call out standby freeze protection crews at a cost of about thirty six thousand 428 00:12:07,190 --> 00:12:07,200 at a cost of about thirty six thousand 429 00:12:07,200 --> 00:12:10,130 at a cost of about thirty six thousand dollars per hour or to risk having crops 430 00:12:10,130 --> 00:12:10,140 dollars per hour or to risk having crops 431 00:12:10,140 --> 00:12:13,940 dollars per hour or to risk having crops ruined by an unexpected freeze but now 432 00:12:13,940 --> 00:12:13,950 ruined by an unexpected freeze but now 433 00:12:13,950 --> 00:12:17,120 ruined by an unexpected freeze but now NASA the University of Florida and NOAA 434 00:12:17,120 --> 00:12:17,130 NASA the University of Florida and NOAA 435 00:12:17,130 --> 00:12:19,450 NASA the University of Florida and NOAA the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 436 00:12:19,450 --> 00:12:19,460 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 437 00:12:19,460 --> 00:12:21,770 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are developing a system 438 00:12:21,770 --> 00:12:21,780 Administration are developing a system 439 00:12:21,780 --> 00:12:23,750 Administration are developing a system to warn growers about freezing 440 00:12:23,750 --> 00:12:23,760 to warn growers about freezing 441 00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:26,630 to warn growers about freezing temperatures using a computerized and 442 00:12:26,630 --> 00:12:26,640 temperatures using a computerized and 443 00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:29,330 temperatures using a computerized and more accurate means of forecasting the 444 00:12:29,330 --> 00:12:29,340 more accurate means of forecasting the 445 00:12:29,340 --> 00:12:33,050 more accurate means of forecasting the freeze line information from the goes 446 00:12:33,050 --> 00:12:33,060 freeze line information from the goes 447 00:12:33,060 --> 00:12:35,690 freeze line information from the goes one weather satellite is received at the 448 00:12:35,690 --> 00:12:35,700 one weather satellite is received at the 449 00:12:35,700 --> 00:12:38,060 one weather satellite is received at the ruskin national weather service station 450 00:12:38,060 --> 00:12:38,070 ruskin national weather service station 451 00:12:38,070 --> 00:12:40,760 ruskin national weather service station just east of Tampa Bay and relayed 452 00:12:40,760 --> 00:12:40,770 just east of Tampa Bay and relayed 453 00:12:40,770 --> 00:12:43,280 just east of Tampa Bay and relayed around the state alerting growers when 454 00:12:43,280 --> 00:12:43,290 around the state alerting growers when 455 00:12:43,290 --> 00:12:52,150 around the state alerting growers when and where to protect their groves 456 00:12:52,150 --> 00:12:52,160 457 00:12:52,160 --> 00:12:55,220 we collect up to three hours of data 458 00:12:55,220 --> 00:12:55,230 we collect up to three hours of data 459 00:12:55,230 --> 00:12:58,070 we collect up to three hours of data from the key stations and at 8pm we 460 00:12:58,070 --> 00:12:58,080 from the key stations and at 8pm we 461 00:12:58,080 --> 00:13:01,130 from the key stations and at 8pm we enter that data into the computer at 462 00:13:01,130 --> 00:13:01,140 enter that data into the computer at 463 00:13:01,140 --> 00:13:03,410 enter that data into the computer at that time we will have our 8pm satellite 464 00:13:03,410 --> 00:13:03,420 that time we will have our 8pm satellite 465 00:13:03,420 --> 00:13:05,990 that time we will have our 8pm satellite seen in the computer it takes a few 466 00:13:05,990 --> 00:13:06,000 seen in the computer it takes a few 467 00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:08,150 seen in the computer it takes a few minutes types of data end and from that 468 00:13:08,150 --> 00:13:08,160 minutes types of data end and from that 469 00:13:08,160 --> 00:13:09,980 minutes types of data end and from that point on it's very fast the computer 470 00:13:09,980 --> 00:13:09,990 point on it's very fast the computer 471 00:13:09,990 --> 00:13:12,140 point on it's very fast the computer takes over and produces the mountaineers 472 00:13:12,140 --> 00:13:12,150 takes over and produces the mountaineers 473 00:13:12,150 --> 00:13:14,420 takes over and produces the mountaineers so by about eight thirty in the evening 474 00:13:14,420 --> 00:13:14,430 so by about eight thirty in the evening 475 00:13:14,430 --> 00:13:16,250 so by about eight thirty in the evening we can have our predicted maps for the 476 00:13:16,250 --> 00:13:16,260 we can have our predicted maps for the 477 00:13:16,260 --> 00:13:18,260 we can have our predicted maps for the rest of these okay Jim here's the key 478 00:13:18,260 --> 00:13:18,270 rest of these okay Jim here's the key 479 00:13:18,270 --> 00:13:20,930 rest of these okay Jim here's the key station data for this hour okay soil 480 00:13:20,930 --> 00:13:20,940 station data for this hour okay soil 481 00:13:20,940 --> 00:13:28,170 station data for this hour okay soil temperatures 55.3 52.7 482 00:13:28,170 --> 00:13:28,180 temperatures 55.3 52.7 483 00:13:28,180 --> 00:13:32,510 temperatures 55.3 52.7 51.3 air temperatures 484 00:13:32,510 --> 00:13:32,520 51.3 air temperatures 485 00:13:32,520 --> 00:13:34,930 51.3 air temperatures 55.2 486 00:13:34,930 --> 00:13:34,940 55.2 487 00:13:34,940 --> 00:13:37,069 55.2 56.3 488 00:13:37,069 --> 00:13:37,079 56.3 489 00:13:37,079 --> 00:13:39,950 56.3 57.8 490 00:13:39,950 --> 00:13:39,960 57.8 491 00:13:39,960 --> 00:13:43,340 57.8 dew point is 35 this is the 0 to Z 492 00:13:43,340 --> 00:13:43,350 dew point is 35 this is the 0 to Z 493 00:13:43,350 --> 00:13:46,250 dew point is 35 this is the 0 to Z picture yes looks like we've got mid 40s 494 00:13:46,250 --> 00:13:46,260 picture yes looks like we've got mid 40s 495 00:13:46,260 --> 00:13:48,920 picture yes looks like we've got mid 40s in Central Florida perhaps some 496 00:13:48,920 --> 00:13:48,930 in Central Florida perhaps some 497 00:13:48,930 --> 00:13:50,480 in Central Florida perhaps some near-freezing temperatures at North 498 00:13:50,480 --> 00:13:50,490 near-freezing temperatures at North 499 00:13:50,490 --> 00:13:53,150 near-freezing temperatures at North Central let's blow this area about north 500 00:13:53,150 --> 00:13:53,160 Central let's blow this area about north 501 00:13:53,160 --> 00:13:59,319 Central let's blow this area about north central okay 502 00:13:59,319 --> 00:13:59,329 503 00:13:59,329 --> 00:14:05,170 yes that's the area 504 00:14:05,170 --> 00:14:05,180 505 00:14:05,180 --> 00:14:06,730 yeah it looks like there are there are 506 00:14:06,730 --> 00:14:06,740 yeah it looks like there are there are 507 00:14:06,740 --> 00:14:08,620 yeah it looks like there are there are some temperatures right at 32 up in 508 00:14:08,620 --> 00:14:08,630 some temperatures right at 32 up in 509 00:14:08,630 --> 00:14:10,600 some temperatures right at 32 up in north central florida that correlates so 510 00:14:10,600 --> 00:14:10,610 north central florida that correlates so 511 00:14:10,610 --> 00:14:12,430 north central florida that correlates so closely with the reports have received 512 00:14:12,430 --> 00:14:12,440 closely with the reports have received 513 00:14:12,440 --> 00:14:15,670 closely with the reports have received from growers florida has certain cloud 514 00:14:15,670 --> 00:14:15,680 from growers florida has certain cloud 515 00:14:15,680 --> 00:14:17,410 from growers florida has certain cloud patterns that make it conducive to 516 00:14:17,410 --> 00:14:17,420 patterns that make it conducive to 517 00:14:17,420 --> 00:14:21,580 patterns that make it conducive to satellite weather predictions a normal 518 00:14:21,580 --> 00:14:21,590 satellite weather predictions a normal 519 00:14:21,590 --> 00:14:23,920 satellite weather predictions a normal severe freeze for florida produces a 520 00:14:23,920 --> 00:14:23,930 severe freeze for florida produces a 521 00:14:23,930 --> 00:14:27,400 severe freeze for florida produces a very dry air mass over the state which 522 00:14:27,400 --> 00:14:27,410 very dry air mass over the state which 523 00:14:27,410 --> 00:14:30,550 very dry air mass over the state which eliminates any cloud cover and this is 524 00:14:30,550 --> 00:14:30,560 eliminates any cloud cover and this is 525 00:14:30,560 --> 00:14:31,810 eliminates any cloud cover and this is one thing that makes the system work 526 00:14:31,810 --> 00:14:31,820 one thing that makes the system work 527 00:14:31,820 --> 00:14:33,670 one thing that makes the system work well in florida when we have very very 528 00:14:33,670 --> 00:14:33,680 well in florida when we have very very 529 00:14:33,680 --> 00:14:36,190 well in florida when we have very very cold temperatures we do not have clouds 530 00:14:36,190 --> 00:14:36,200 cold temperatures we do not have clouds 531 00:14:36,200 --> 00:14:38,710 cold temperatures we do not have clouds of spearing the satellite data it gives 532 00:14:38,710 --> 00:14:38,720 of spearing the satellite data it gives 533 00:14:38,720 --> 00:14:40,480 of spearing the satellite data it gives us a very clear picture of the state 534 00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:40,490 us a very clear picture of the state 535 00:14:40,490 --> 00:14:43,480 us a very clear picture of the state using the satellite seen oil heaters 536 00:14:43,480 --> 00:14:43,490 using the satellite seen oil heaters 537 00:14:43,490 --> 00:14:46,750 using the satellite seen oil heaters computers and satellites working 538 00:14:46,750 --> 00:14:46,760 computers and satellites working 539 00:14:46,760 --> 00:14:48,880 computers and satellites working together to help citrus growers bring an 540 00:14:48,880 --> 00:14:48,890 together to help citrus growers bring an 541 00:14:48,890 --> 00:14:50,860 together to help citrus growers bring an abundance of winter fruit to our 542 00:14:50,860 --> 00:14:50,870 abundance of winter fruit to our 543 00:14:50,870 --> 00:14:54,850 abundance of winter fruit to our supermarkets next let's see to 1981 544 00:14:54,850 --> 00:14:54,860 supermarkets next let's see to 1981 545 00:14:54,860 --> 00:14:57,880 supermarkets next let's see to 1981 reports which show how nasa's study of 546 00:14:57,880 --> 00:14:57,890 reports which show how nasa's study of 547 00:14:57,890 --> 00:15:00,780 reports which show how nasa's study of aerodynamics has spun off two trucks 548 00:15:00,780 --> 00:15:00,790 aerodynamics has spun off two trucks 549 00:15:00,790 --> 00:15:05,680 aerodynamics has spun off two trucks freeways and motorhomes nasa's role in 550 00:15:05,680 --> 00:15:05,690 freeways and motorhomes nasa's role in 551 00:15:05,690 --> 00:15:08,110 freeways and motorhomes nasa's role in studying things aerodynamic has ranged 552 00:15:08,110 --> 00:15:08,120 studying things aerodynamic has ranged 553 00:15:08,120 --> 00:15:09,970 studying things aerodynamic has ranged from several decades before the second 554 00:15:09,970 --> 00:15:09,980 from several decades before the second 555 00:15:09,980 --> 00:15:13,060 from several decades before the second world war two the reusable space shuttle 556 00:15:13,060 --> 00:15:13,070 world war two the reusable space shuttle 557 00:15:13,070 --> 00:15:19,010 world war two the reusable space shuttle now being ready for its first flight 558 00:15:19,010 --> 00:15:19,020 559 00:15:19,020 --> 00:15:21,680 using similar aerodynamic scaling 560 00:15:21,680 --> 00:15:21,690 using similar aerodynamic scaling 561 00:15:21,690 --> 00:15:23,990 using similar aerodynamic scaling techniques nASA has been assisting in a 562 00:15:23,990 --> 00:15:24,000 techniques nASA has been assisting in a 563 00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:25,940 techniques nASA has been assisting in a federal highway administration sponsored 564 00:15:25,940 --> 00:15:25,950 federal highway administration sponsored 565 00:15:25,950 --> 00:15:28,250 federal highway administration sponsored project that may one day help engineers 566 00:15:28,250 --> 00:15:28,260 project that may one day help engineers 567 00:15:28,260 --> 00:15:30,230 project that may one day help engineers improve the design of tunnels and 568 00:15:30,230 --> 00:15:30,240 improve the design of tunnels and 569 00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:32,810 improve the design of tunnels and highways this facility is a hundred and 570 00:15:32,810 --> 00:15:32,820 highways this facility is a hundred and 571 00:15:32,820 --> 00:15:35,510 highways this facility is a hundred and ten feet long the reason for that length 572 00:15:35,510 --> 00:15:35,520 ten feet long the reason for that length 573 00:15:35,520 --> 00:15:37,070 ten feet long the reason for that length is for the level section to be 574 00:15:37,070 --> 00:15:37,080 is for the level section to be 575 00:15:37,080 --> 00:15:38,720 is for the level section to be equivalent to about a half a mile long 576 00:15:38,720 --> 00:15:38,730 equivalent to about a half a mile long 577 00:15:38,730 --> 00:15:42,200 equivalent to about a half a mile long so one could have about five sections of 578 00:15:42,200 --> 00:15:42,210 so one could have about five sections of 579 00:15:42,210 --> 00:15:44,420 so one could have about five sections of three tunnels and two no tunnels about 580 00:15:44,420 --> 00:15:44,430 three tunnels and two no tunnels about 581 00:15:44,430 --> 00:15:48,560 three tunnels and two no tunnels about 500 feet long and that gave us enough 582 00:15:48,560 --> 00:15:48,570 500 feet long and that gave us enough 583 00:15:48,570 --> 00:15:50,690 500 feet long and that gave us enough tunnels in a row such that we can 584 00:15:50,690 --> 00:15:50,700 tunnels in a row such that we can 585 00:15:50,700 --> 00:15:52,790 tunnels in a row such that we can observe the recirculation of the air 586 00:15:52,790 --> 00:15:52,800 observe the recirculation of the air 587 00:15:52,800 --> 00:15:55,340 observe the recirculation of the air from tunnel to tunnel as it gets dragged 588 00:15:55,340 --> 00:15:55,350 from tunnel to tunnel as it gets dragged 589 00:15:55,350 --> 00:15:56,960 from tunnel to tunnel as it gets dragged from one tunnel the next by the movement 590 00:15:56,960 --> 00:15:56,970 from one tunnel the next by the movement 591 00:15:56,970 --> 00:15:59,840 from one tunnel the next by the movement of the cars or actually backs up to go 592 00:15:59,840 --> 00:15:59,850 of the cars or actually backs up to go 593 00:15:59,850 --> 00:16:02,720 of the cars or actually backs up to go to an adjacent tunnel we have two lanes 594 00:16:02,720 --> 00:16:02,730 to an adjacent tunnel we have two lanes 595 00:16:02,730 --> 00:16:05,030 to an adjacent tunnel we have two lanes of traffic such that we can have the 596 00:16:05,030 --> 00:16:05,040 of traffic such that we can have the 597 00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:06,380 of traffic such that we can have the traffic either going in the same 598 00:16:06,380 --> 00:16:06,390 traffic either going in the same 599 00:16:06,390 --> 00:16:09,920 traffic either going in the same direction or in opposing directions just 600 00:16:09,920 --> 00:16:09,930 direction or in opposing directions just 601 00:16:09,930 --> 00:16:12,460 direction or in opposing directions just like what happened in a real highway 602 00:16:12,460 --> 00:16:12,470 like what happened in a real highway 603 00:16:12,470 --> 00:16:14,960 like what happened in a real highway frequently freeways and tunnels use up 604 00:16:14,960 --> 00:16:14,970 frequently freeways and tunnels use up 605 00:16:14,970 --> 00:16:17,030 frequently freeways and tunnels use up large areas of land that might better be 606 00:16:17,030 --> 00:16:17,040 large areas of land that might better be 607 00:16:17,040 --> 00:16:19,640 large areas of land that might better be used in other ways the researchers are 608 00:16:19,640 --> 00:16:19,650 used in other ways the researchers are 609 00:16:19,650 --> 00:16:21,800 used in other ways the researchers are experimentally depressing and partially 610 00:16:21,800 --> 00:16:21,810 experimentally depressing and partially 611 00:16:21,810 --> 00:16:23,990 experimentally depressing and partially covering simulated freeways in an urban 612 00:16:23,990 --> 00:16:24,000 covering simulated freeways in an urban 613 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:26,510 covering simulated freeways in an urban area to find out how much and how little 614 00:16:26,510 --> 00:16:26,520 area to find out how much and how little 615 00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:29,120 area to find out how much and how little tunnel is needed one of the tests 616 00:16:29,120 --> 00:16:29,130 tunnel is needed one of the tests 617 00:16:29,130 --> 00:16:31,580 tunnel is needed one of the tests involves injecting trace gases that act 618 00:16:31,580 --> 00:16:31,590 involves injecting trace gases that act 619 00:16:31,590 --> 00:16:34,190 involves injecting trace gases that act like pot automobile exhausts coupled 620 00:16:34,190 --> 00:16:34,200 like pot automobile exhausts coupled 621 00:16:34,200 --> 00:16:35,900 like pot automobile exhausts coupled with carefully controlled wind and 622 00:16:35,900 --> 00:16:35,910 with carefully controlled wind and 623 00:16:35,910 --> 00:16:37,730 with carefully controlled wind and temperature measurements air flow 624 00:16:37,730 --> 00:16:37,740 temperature measurements air flow 625 00:16:37,740 --> 00:16:39,560 temperature measurements air flow patterns can be determined that may help 626 00:16:39,560 --> 00:16:39,570 patterns can be determined that may help 627 00:16:39,570 --> 00:16:41,510 patterns can be determined that may help designers build more efficient highways 628 00:16:41,510 --> 00:16:41,520 designers build more efficient highways 629 00:16:41,520 --> 00:16:48,050 designers build more efficient highways and tunnels in the future 630 00:16:48,050 --> 00:16:48,060 631 00:16:48,060 --> 00:16:50,670 they come in a variety of sizes and 632 00:16:50,670 --> 00:16:50,680 they come in a variety of sizes and 633 00:16:50,680 --> 00:16:53,010 they come in a variety of sizes and shapes from huge tractor trailers 634 00:16:53,010 --> 00:16:53,020 shapes from huge tractor trailers 635 00:16:53,020 --> 00:16:55,350 shapes from huge tractor trailers capable of hauling tons to weekend 636 00:16:55,350 --> 00:16:55,360 capable of hauling tons to weekend 637 00:16:55,360 --> 00:16:57,210 capable of hauling tons to weekend motorhomes used for pleasure by 638 00:16:57,210 --> 00:16:57,220 motorhomes used for pleasure by 639 00:16:57,220 --> 00:17:00,000 motorhomes used for pleasure by thousands all share one common trait 640 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:00,010 thousands all share one common trait 641 00:17:00,010 --> 00:17:02,160 thousands all share one common trait they burn gasoline or diesel fuel to 642 00:17:02,160 --> 00:17:02,170 they burn gasoline or diesel fuel to 643 00:17:02,170 --> 00:17:05,370 they burn gasoline or diesel fuel to make them go engineers at NASA's Dryden 644 00:17:05,370 --> 00:17:05,380 make them go engineers at NASA's Dryden 645 00:17:05,380 --> 00:17:06,930 make them go engineers at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center in California 646 00:17:06,930 --> 00:17:06,940 Flight Research Center in California 647 00:17:06,940 --> 00:17:09,480 Flight Research Center in California have been studying for several years how 648 00:17:09,480 --> 00:17:09,490 have been studying for several years how 649 00:17:09,490 --> 00:17:10,920 have been studying for several years how to help make these vehicles more 650 00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:10,930 to help make these vehicles more 651 00:17:10,930 --> 00:17:13,380 to help make these vehicles more fuel-efficient aerospace engineer ed 652 00:17:13,380 --> 00:17:13,390 fuel-efficient aerospace engineer ed 653 00:17:13,390 --> 00:17:17,660 fuel-efficient aerospace engineer ed Saltzman tells how we began with a 654 00:17:17,660 --> 00:17:17,670 Saltzman tells how we began with a 655 00:17:17,670 --> 00:17:19,650 Saltzman tells how we began with a vehicle that looked a little different 656 00:17:19,650 --> 00:17:19,660 vehicle that looked a little different 657 00:17:19,660 --> 00:17:22,620 vehicle that looked a little different like than what this does here we had 658 00:17:22,620 --> 00:17:22,630 like than what this does here we had 659 00:17:22,630 --> 00:17:24,780 like than what this does here we had square corners on the front and square 660 00:17:24,780 --> 00:17:24,790 square corners on the front and square 661 00:17:24,790 --> 00:17:27,600 square corners on the front and square corners on the back to represent the the 662 00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:27,610 corners on the back to represent the the 663 00:17:27,610 --> 00:17:30,330 corners on the back to represent the the worst in vehicle design for high-volume 664 00:17:30,330 --> 00:17:30,340 worst in vehicle design for high-volume 665 00:17:30,340 --> 00:17:33,720 worst in vehicle design for high-volume pars and we documented the drag of that 666 00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:33,730 pars and we documented the drag of that 667 00:17:33,730 --> 00:17:35,900 pars and we documented the drag of that configuration and then we begin 668 00:17:35,900 --> 00:17:35,910 configuration and then we begin 669 00:17:35,910 --> 00:17:37,980 configuration and then we begin aerodynamic refinements rounding the 670 00:17:37,980 --> 00:17:37,990 aerodynamic refinements rounding the 671 00:17:37,990 --> 00:17:40,560 aerodynamic refinements rounding the front corners as you can see and we 672 00:17:40,560 --> 00:17:40,570 front corners as you can see and we 673 00:17:40,570 --> 00:17:42,480 front corners as you can see and we smoothed the underbody so that the 674 00:17:42,480 --> 00:17:42,490 smoothed the underbody so that the 675 00:17:42,490 --> 00:17:44,340 smoothed the underbody so that the muffler and the axles are covered up in 676 00:17:44,340 --> 00:17:44,350 muffler and the axles are covered up in 677 00:17:44,350 --> 00:17:46,350 muffler and the axles are covered up in the transmission and this reduced the 678 00:17:46,350 --> 00:17:46,360 the transmission and this reduced the 679 00:17:46,360 --> 00:17:47,970 the transmission and this reduced the drag too we compared that configuration 680 00:17:47,970 --> 00:17:47,980 drag too we compared that configuration 681 00:17:47,980 --> 00:17:50,610 drag too we compared that configuration with the the original one the most 682 00:17:50,610 --> 00:17:50,620 with the the original one the most 683 00:17:50,620 --> 00:17:51,900 with the the original one the most recent tests were run with the 684 00:17:51,900 --> 00:17:51,910 recent tests were run with the 685 00:17:51,910 --> 00:17:53,310 recent tests were run with the configuration you see now where we have 686 00:17:53,310 --> 00:17:53,320 configuration you see now where we have 687 00:17:53,320 --> 00:17:56,460 configuration you see now where we have a partial boat tail and we just compare 688 00:17:56,460 --> 00:17:56,470 a partial boat tail and we just compare 689 00:17:56,470 --> 00:17:58,950 a partial boat tail and we just compare the deceleration characteristics of each 690 00:17:58,950 --> 00:17:58,960 the deceleration characteristics of each 691 00:17:58,960 --> 00:18:00,990 the deceleration characteristics of each of these configurations and relate them 692 00:18:00,990 --> 00:18:01,000 of these configurations and relate them 693 00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:02,730 of these configurations and relate them back to the original lewin we started 694 00:18:02,730 --> 00:18:02,740 back to the original lewin we started 695 00:18:02,740 --> 00:18:05,580 back to the original lewin we started with for six decades nasa has been 696 00:18:05,580 --> 00:18:05,590 with for six decades nasa has been 697 00:18:05,590 --> 00:18:07,770 with for six decades nasa has been studying aerodynamic problems associated 698 00:18:07,770 --> 00:18:07,780 studying aerodynamic problems associated 699 00:18:07,780 --> 00:18:10,080 studying aerodynamic problems associated with making airplanes faster and more 700 00:18:10,080 --> 00:18:10,090 with making airplanes faster and more 701 00:18:10,090 --> 00:18:12,600 with making airplanes faster and more fuel-efficient it was logical than that 702 00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:12,610 fuel-efficient it was logical than that 703 00:18:12,610 --> 00:18:14,760 fuel-efficient it was logical than that it could apply this same expertise to 704 00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:14,770 it could apply this same expertise to 705 00:18:14,770 --> 00:18:17,070 it could apply this same expertise to ground transportation vehicles the 706 00:18:17,070 --> 00:18:17,080 ground transportation vehicles the 707 00:18:17,080 --> 00:18:19,200 ground transportation vehicles the results have been very encouraging by 708 00:18:19,200 --> 00:18:19,210 results have been very encouraging by 709 00:18:19,210 --> 00:18:21,060 results have been very encouraging by rounding the corners and enclosing its 710 00:18:21,060 --> 00:18:21,070 rounding the corners and enclosing its 711 00:18:21,070 --> 00:18:23,520 rounding the corners and enclosing its underbody this van has about seventy 712 00:18:23,520 --> 00:18:23,530 underbody this van has about seventy 713 00:18:23,530 --> 00:18:25,440 underbody this van has about seventy percent lower drag than before the 714 00:18:25,440 --> 00:18:25,450 percent lower drag than before the 715 00:18:25,450 --> 00:18:27,540 percent lower drag than before the modifications the technique of reducing 716 00:18:27,540 --> 00:18:27,550 modifications the technique of reducing 717 00:18:27,550 --> 00:18:29,940 modifications the technique of reducing air resistance as the van travels along 718 00:18:29,940 --> 00:18:29,950 air resistance as the van travels along 719 00:18:29,950 --> 00:18:32,220 air resistance as the van travels along can be directly translated into fuel 720 00:18:32,220 --> 00:18:32,230 can be directly translated into fuel 721 00:18:32,230 --> 00:18:34,320 can be directly translated into fuel savings about thirty percent fuel 722 00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:34,330 savings about thirty percent fuel 723 00:18:34,330 --> 00:18:36,780 savings about thirty percent fuel savings in this particular instance the 724 00:18:36,780 --> 00:18:36,790 savings in this particular instance the 725 00:18:36,790 --> 00:18:39,180 savings in this particular instance the reshaped van is actually aerodynamically 726 00:18:39,180 --> 00:18:39,190 reshaped van is actually aerodynamically 727 00:18:39,190 --> 00:18:41,820 reshaped van is actually aerodynamically superior for its size to most sports 728 00:18:41,820 --> 00:18:41,830 superior for its size to most sports 729 00:18:41,830 --> 00:18:44,910 superior for its size to most sports cars on the road today these successful 730 00:18:44,910 --> 00:18:44,920 cars on the road today these successful 731 00:18:44,920 --> 00:18:47,190 cars on the road today these successful aerodynamic tests are helping change the 732 00:18:47,190 --> 00:18:47,200 aerodynamic tests are helping change the 733 00:18:47,200 --> 00:18:50,350 aerodynamic tests are helping change the shape of vans motorhomes and trucks make 734 00:18:50,350 --> 00:18:50,360 shape of vans motorhomes and trucks make 735 00:18:50,360 --> 00:18:54,310 shape of vans motorhomes and trucks make the more fuel-efficient another field 736 00:18:54,310 --> 00:18:54,320 the more fuel-efficient another field 737 00:18:54,320 --> 00:18:56,230 the more fuel-efficient another field which has benefited from NASA spin-off 738 00:18:56,230 --> 00:18:56,240 which has benefited from NASA spin-off 739 00:18:56,240 --> 00:18:59,170 which has benefited from NASA spin-off is medicine our next report which is 740 00:18:59,170 --> 00:18:59,180 is medicine our next report which is 741 00:18:59,180 --> 00:19:03,340 is medicine our next report which is from 1982 is about a space-age aid for 742 00:19:03,340 --> 00:19:03,350 from 1982 is about a space-age aid for 743 00:19:03,350 --> 00:19:09,760 from 1982 is about a space-age aid for coronary diagnosis in August 1981 as 744 00:19:09,760 --> 00:19:09,770 coronary diagnosis in August 1981 as 745 00:19:09,770 --> 00:19:12,220 coronary diagnosis in August 1981 as voyager 2 made its way through the solar 746 00:19:12,220 --> 00:19:12,230 voyager 2 made its way through the solar 747 00:19:12,230 --> 00:19:14,680 voyager 2 made its way through the solar system from jupiter to saturn beaming 748 00:19:14,680 --> 00:19:14,690 system from jupiter to saturn beaming 749 00:19:14,690 --> 00:19:16,680 system from jupiter to saturn beaming dramatic photographs back to earth 750 00:19:16,680 --> 00:19:16,690 dramatic photographs back to earth 751 00:19:16,690 --> 00:19:18,630 dramatic photographs back to earth researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion 752 00:19:18,630 --> 00:19:18,640 researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion 753 00:19:18,640 --> 00:19:21,220 researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California using 754 00:19:21,220 --> 00:19:21,230 Laboratory in California using 755 00:19:21,230 --> 00:19:22,930 Laboratory in California using sophisticated image processing 756 00:19:22,930 --> 00:19:22,940 sophisticated image processing 757 00:19:22,940 --> 00:19:25,270 sophisticated image processing techniques were busy enhancing 758 00:19:25,270 --> 00:19:25,280 techniques were busy enhancing 759 00:19:25,280 --> 00:19:27,490 techniques were busy enhancing significant areas of these images for 760 00:19:27,490 --> 00:19:27,500 significant areas of these images for 761 00:19:27,500 --> 00:19:31,330 significant areas of these images for scientific study today the people at JPL 762 00:19:31,330 --> 00:19:31,340 scientific study today the people at JPL 763 00:19:31,340 --> 00:19:33,550 scientific study today the people at JPL working in conjunction with scientists 764 00:19:33,550 --> 00:19:33,560 working in conjunction with scientists 765 00:19:33,560 --> 00:19:34,720 working in conjunction with scientists from the University of Southern 766 00:19:34,720 --> 00:19:34,730 from the University of Southern 767 00:19:34,730 --> 00:19:37,030 from the University of Southern California are applying these same 768 00:19:37,030 --> 00:19:37,040 California are applying these same 769 00:19:37,040 --> 00:19:39,100 California are applying these same space-related computerized image 770 00:19:39,100 --> 00:19:39,110 space-related computerized image 771 00:19:39,110 --> 00:19:41,410 space-related computerized image analysis techniques to the earthly 772 00:19:41,410 --> 00:19:41,420 analysis techniques to the earthly 773 00:19:41,420 --> 00:19:43,540 analysis techniques to the earthly treatment of arteriosclerosis and 774 00:19:43,540 --> 00:19:43,550 treatment of arteriosclerosis and 775 00:19:43,550 --> 00:19:46,240 treatment of arteriosclerosis and stenosis of the arteries diseases that 776 00:19:46,240 --> 00:19:46,250 stenosis of the arteries diseases that 777 00:19:46,250 --> 00:19:49,330 stenosis of the arteries diseases that affect thousands of Americans dr. Edwin 778 00:19:49,330 --> 00:19:49,340 affect thousands of Americans dr. Edwin 779 00:19:49,340 --> 00:19:51,670 affect thousands of Americans dr. Edwin s beckenbaugh deputy manager of the 780 00:19:51,670 --> 00:19:51,680 s beckenbaugh deputy manager of the 781 00:19:51,680 --> 00:19:54,550 s beckenbaugh deputy manager of the Lyell medical program at JPL explains 782 00:19:54,550 --> 00:19:54,560 Lyell medical program at JPL explains 783 00:19:54,560 --> 00:19:56,950 Lyell medical program at JPL explains the basic problem that we're looking at 784 00:19:56,950 --> 00:19:56,960 the basic problem that we're looking at 785 00:19:56,960 --> 00:19:59,500 the basic problem that we're looking at is an insufficient supply of blood to 786 00:19:59,500 --> 00:19:59,510 is an insufficient supply of blood to 787 00:19:59,510 --> 00:20:02,740 is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart the blood that the heart pumps 788 00:20:02,740 --> 00:20:02,750 the heart the blood that the heart pumps 789 00:20:02,750 --> 00:20:04,810 the heart the blood that the heart pumps does not supply the heart it's supplied 790 00:20:04,810 --> 00:20:04,820 does not supply the heart it's supplied 791 00:20:04,820 --> 00:20:06,540 does not supply the heart it's supplied by blood through the coronary arteries 792 00:20:06,540 --> 00:20:06,550 by blood through the coronary arteries 793 00:20:06,550 --> 00:20:09,280 by blood through the coronary arteries knowing how much of that blood flow is 794 00:20:09,280 --> 00:20:09,290 knowing how much of that blood flow is 795 00:20:09,290 --> 00:20:12,490 knowing how much of that blood flow is being cut off by the stenotic disease 796 00:20:12,490 --> 00:20:12,500 being cut off by the stenotic disease 797 00:20:12,500 --> 00:20:14,740 being cut off by the stenotic disease process it is narrowing of the coronary 798 00:20:14,740 --> 00:20:14,750 process it is narrowing of the coronary 799 00:20:14,750 --> 00:20:17,830 process it is narrowing of the coronary arteries it's very important because if 800 00:20:17,830 --> 00:20:17,840 arteries it's very important because if 801 00:20:17,840 --> 00:20:20,020 arteries it's very important because if there's an insufficient amount of blood 802 00:20:20,020 --> 00:20:20,030 there's an insufficient amount of blood 803 00:20:20,030 --> 00:20:22,060 there's an insufficient amount of blood going to a part of a heart the doctor 804 00:20:22,060 --> 00:20:22,070 going to a part of a heart the doctor 805 00:20:22,070 --> 00:20:24,040 going to a part of a heart the doctor has to do a bypass operation or some 806 00:20:24,040 --> 00:20:24,050 has to do a bypass operation or some 807 00:20:24,050 --> 00:20:26,170 has to do a bypass operation or some other kind of open-heart surgery that's 808 00:20:26,170 --> 00:20:26,180 other kind of open-heart surgery that's 809 00:20:26,180 --> 00:20:28,000 other kind of open-heart surgery that's a very risky procedure it's not 810 00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:28,010 a very risky procedure it's not 811 00:20:28,010 --> 00:20:29,290 a very risky procedure it's not something you want to do unless you're 812 00:20:29,290 --> 00:20:29,300 something you want to do unless you're 813 00:20:29,300 --> 00:20:32,140 something you want to do unless you're sure you need to a special type of x ray 814 00:20:32,140 --> 00:20:32,150 sure you need to a special type of x ray 815 00:20:32,150 --> 00:20:35,320 sure you need to a special type of x ray called an angiogram is made by injecting 816 00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:35,330 called an angiogram is made by injecting 817 00:20:35,330 --> 00:20:37,930 called an angiogram is made by injecting contrast dye into the diseased artery 818 00:20:37,930 --> 00:20:37,940 contrast dye into the diseased artery 819 00:20:37,940 --> 00:20:40,390 contrast dye into the diseased artery this allows the computer operator or 820 00:20:40,390 --> 00:20:40,400 this allows the computer operator or 821 00:20:40,400 --> 00:20:42,760 this allows the computer operator or physician to locate the area of concern 822 00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:42,770 physician to locate the area of concern 823 00:20:42,770 --> 00:20:45,520 physician to locate the area of concern and indicate it to the computer by 824 00:20:45,520 --> 00:20:45,530 and indicate it to the computer by 825 00:20:45,530 --> 00:20:47,200 and indicate it to the computer by positioning the electronic cross 826 00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:47,210 positioning the electronic cross 827 00:20:47,210 --> 00:20:49,640 positioning the electronic cross accordingly once the computer has 828 00:20:49,640 --> 00:20:49,650 accordingly once the computer has 829 00:20:49,650 --> 00:20:52,220 accordingly once the computer has received this information it can in turn 830 00:20:52,220 --> 00:20:52,230 received this information it can in turn 831 00:20:52,230 --> 00:20:54,140 received this information it can in turn supply the position with what he needs 832 00:20:54,140 --> 00:20:54,150 supply the position with what he needs 833 00:20:54,150 --> 00:20:57,020 supply the position with what he needs to make an accurate diagnosis the degree 834 00:20:57,020 --> 00:20:57,030 to make an accurate diagnosis the degree 835 00:20:57,030 --> 00:20:59,570 to make an accurate diagnosis the degree of stenosis or narrowing in this 836 00:20:59,570 --> 00:20:59,580 of stenosis or narrowing in this 837 00:20:59,580 --> 00:21:02,570 of stenosis or narrowing in this particular vessel is such that in 838 00:21:02,570 --> 00:21:02,580 particular vessel is such that in 839 00:21:02,580 --> 00:21:05,060 particular vessel is such that in general a doctor provided with this 840 00:21:05,060 --> 00:21:05,070 general a doctor provided with this 841 00:21:05,070 --> 00:21:07,370 general a doctor provided with this image would have a hard time deciding 842 00:21:07,370 --> 00:21:07,380 image would have a hard time deciding 843 00:21:07,380 --> 00:21:09,650 image would have a hard time deciding whether the narrowing was sufficiently 844 00:21:09,650 --> 00:21:09,660 whether the narrowing was sufficiently 845 00:21:09,660 --> 00:21:11,930 whether the narrowing was sufficiently important the warrant bypass surgery or 846 00:21:11,930 --> 00:21:11,940 important the warrant bypass surgery or 847 00:21:11,940 --> 00:21:15,110 important the warrant bypass surgery or not to different doctors given this 848 00:21:15,110 --> 00:21:15,120 not to different doctors given this 849 00:21:15,120 --> 00:21:17,990 not to different doctors given this particular image might well differ in 850 00:21:17,990 --> 00:21:18,000 particular image might well differ in 851 00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:20,390 particular image might well differ in their opinion of the degree of narrowing 852 00:21:20,390 --> 00:21:20,400 their opinion of the degree of narrowing 853 00:21:20,400 --> 00:21:24,290 their opinion of the degree of narrowing by Oh ten or fifteen percent and that 854 00:21:24,290 --> 00:21:24,300 by Oh ten or fifteen percent and that 855 00:21:24,300 --> 00:21:26,000 by Oh ten or fifteen percent and that difference is exactly the difference 856 00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:26,010 difference is exactly the difference 857 00:21:26,010 --> 00:21:27,260 difference is exactly the difference that becomes important when you're 858 00:21:27,260 --> 00:21:27,270 that becomes important when you're 859 00:21:27,270 --> 00:21:29,060 that becomes important when you're considering a serious operation like 860 00:21:29,060 --> 00:21:29,070 considering a serious operation like 861 00:21:29,070 --> 00:21:32,600 considering a serious operation like bypass surgery the benefit of the 862 00:21:32,600 --> 00:21:32,610 bypass surgery the benefit of the 863 00:21:32,610 --> 00:21:35,990 bypass surgery the benefit of the computer is not so much that it is 864 00:21:35,990 --> 00:21:36,000 computer is not so much that it is 865 00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:38,870 computer is not so much that it is better than a doctor but it is more 866 00:21:38,870 --> 00:21:38,880 better than a doctor but it is more 867 00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:41,900 better than a doctor but it is more consistent to calculate the degree of 868 00:21:41,900 --> 00:21:41,910 consistent to calculate the degree of 869 00:21:41,910 --> 00:21:44,630 consistent to calculate the degree of disease present the computer first 870 00:21:44,630 --> 00:21:44,640 disease present the computer first 871 00:21:44,640 --> 00:21:47,120 disease present the computer first indicates the edges of the artery with 872 00:21:47,120 --> 00:21:47,130 indicates the edges of the artery with 873 00:21:47,130 --> 00:21:50,060 indicates the edges of the artery with black lines the white lines which just 874 00:21:50,060 --> 00:21:50,070 black lines the white lines which just 875 00:21:50,070 --> 00:21:52,520 black lines the white lines which just appeared are the computers best estimate 876 00:21:52,520 --> 00:21:52,530 appeared are the computers best estimate 877 00:21:52,530 --> 00:21:54,530 appeared are the computers best estimate of where the walls of the artery would 878 00:21:54,530 --> 00:21:54,540 of where the walls of the artery would 879 00:21:54,540 --> 00:21:57,190 of where the walls of the artery would be if there were no disease present 880 00:21:57,190 --> 00:21:57,200 be if there were no disease present 881 00:21:57,200 --> 00:22:00,350 be if there were no disease present using these as guidelines statistics 882 00:22:00,350 --> 00:22:00,360 using these as guidelines statistics 883 00:22:00,360 --> 00:22:02,840 using these as guidelines statistics such as the degree of narrowing can be 884 00:22:02,840 --> 00:22:02,850 such as the degree of narrowing can be 885 00:22:02,850 --> 00:22:04,820 such as the degree of narrowing can be computed and printed out for the 886 00:22:04,820 --> 00:22:04,830 computed and printed out for the 887 00:22:04,830 --> 00:22:07,970 computed and printed out for the patient's file the importance of the 888 00:22:07,970 --> 00:22:07,980 patient's file the importance of the 889 00:22:07,980 --> 00:22:10,370 patient's file the importance of the individual seated at the control panel 890 00:22:10,370 --> 00:22:10,380 individual seated at the control panel 891 00:22:10,380 --> 00:22:12,590 individual seated at the control panel of the medical image processing station 892 00:22:12,590 --> 00:22:12,600 of the medical image processing station 893 00:22:12,600 --> 00:22:15,230 of the medical image processing station be it a JPL researcher now or a 894 00:22:15,230 --> 00:22:15,240 be it a JPL researcher now or a 895 00:22:15,240 --> 00:22:17,750 be it a JPL researcher now or a physician in the near future should not 896 00:22:17,750 --> 00:22:17,760 physician in the near future should not 897 00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:20,930 physician in the near future should not be overlooked one thing we've really 898 00:22:20,930 --> 00:22:20,940 be overlooked one thing we've really 899 00:22:20,940 --> 00:22:23,510 be overlooked one thing we've really found out in this whole program is that 900 00:22:23,510 --> 00:22:23,520 found out in this whole program is that 901 00:22:23,520 --> 00:22:25,610 found out in this whole program is that if you take the individual the human out 902 00:22:25,610 --> 00:22:25,620 if you take the individual the human out 903 00:22:25,620 --> 00:22:27,830 if you take the individual the human out of the loop totally and try to automate 904 00:22:27,830 --> 00:22:27,840 of the loop totally and try to automate 905 00:22:27,840 --> 00:22:30,500 of the loop totally and try to automate the whole procedure using the computer 906 00:22:30,500 --> 00:22:30,510 the whole procedure using the computer 907 00:22:30,510 --> 00:22:32,990 the whole procedure using the computer you are almost certainly doomed to 908 00:22:32,990 --> 00:22:33,000 you are almost certainly doomed to 909 00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:35,780 you are almost certainly doomed to failure so to have the operator in the 910 00:22:35,780 --> 00:22:35,790 failure so to have the operator in the 911 00:22:35,790 --> 00:22:38,360 failure so to have the operator in the in the picture to provide the computer 912 00:22:38,360 --> 00:22:38,370 in the picture to provide the computer 913 00:22:38,370 --> 00:22:40,880 in the picture to provide the computer with a beginning point to make take care 914 00:22:40,880 --> 00:22:40,890 with a beginning point to make take care 915 00:22:40,890 --> 00:22:42,770 with a beginning point to make take care of mistakes that the computer makes and 916 00:22:42,770 --> 00:22:42,780 of mistakes that the computer makes and 917 00:22:42,780 --> 00:22:45,170 of mistakes that the computer makes and to finally decide whether the job that 918 00:22:45,170 --> 00:22:45,180 to finally decide whether the job that 919 00:22:45,180 --> 00:22:47,060 to finally decide whether the job that the computer is done is adequate is 920 00:22:47,060 --> 00:22:47,070 the computer is done is adequate is 921 00:22:47,070 --> 00:22:50,090 the computer is done is adequate is vitally important the medical image 922 00:22:50,090 --> 00:22:50,100 vitally important the medical image 923 00:22:50,100 --> 00:22:53,000 vitally important the medical image processing station using space gained 924 00:22:53,000 --> 00:22:53,010 processing station using space gained 925 00:22:53,010 --> 00:22:54,740 processing station using space gained expertise to 926 00:22:54,740 --> 00:22:54,750 expertise to 927 00:22:54,750 --> 00:22:59,590 expertise to extend the frontiers of medical science 928 00:22:59,590 --> 00:22:59,600 929 00:22:59,600 --> 00:23:02,660 our last video taped segment was really 930 00:23:02,660 --> 00:23:02,670 our last video taped segment was really 931 00:23:02,670 --> 00:23:05,270 our last video taped segment was really produced for a convention display but we 932 00:23:05,270 --> 00:23:05,280 produced for a convention display but we 933 00:23:05,280 --> 00:23:07,400 produced for a convention display but we thought you would find it interesting it 934 00:23:07,400 --> 00:23:07,410 thought you would find it interesting it 935 00:23:07,410 --> 00:23:09,170 thought you would find it interesting it deals with feral fluids which are 936 00:23:09,170 --> 00:23:09,180 deals with feral fluids which are 937 00:23:09,180 --> 00:23:12,080 deals with feral fluids which are magnetic liquids early use of the feral 938 00:23:12,080 --> 00:23:12,090 magnetic liquids early use of the feral 939 00:23:12,090 --> 00:23:14,900 magnetic liquids early use of the feral fluids was intended for rocket fuels but 940 00:23:14,900 --> 00:23:14,910 fluids was intended for rocket fuels but 941 00:23:14,910 --> 00:23:17,090 fluids was intended for rocket fuels but the feral fluids have found other uses 942 00:23:17,090 --> 00:23:17,100 the feral fluids have found other uses 943 00:23:17,100 --> 00:23:27,620 the feral fluids have found other uses in other fields we needed a magnetic 944 00:23:27,620 --> 00:23:27,630 in other fields we needed a magnetic 945 00:23:27,630 --> 00:23:30,290 in other fields we needed a magnetic liquid for control of spacecraft liquid 946 00:23:30,290 --> 00:23:30,300 liquid for control of spacecraft liquid 947 00:23:30,300 --> 00:23:31,820 liquid for control of spacecraft liquid propellants under zero gravity 948 00:23:31,820 --> 00:23:31,830 propellants under zero gravity 949 00:23:31,830 --> 00:23:35,920 propellants under zero gravity conditions in space now we have 950 00:23:35,920 --> 00:23:35,930 conditions in space now we have 951 00:23:35,930 --> 00:23:40,840 conditions in space now we have ferrofluid use your imagination 952 00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:40,850 953 00:23:40,850 --> 00:23:43,790 ferrofluid is a liquid in which sub 954 00:23:43,790 --> 00:23:43,800 ferrofluid is a liquid in which sub 955 00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:46,370 ferrofluid is a liquid in which sub microscopic particles of iron oxide are 956 00:23:46,370 --> 00:23:46,380 microscopic particles of iron oxide are 957 00:23:46,380 --> 00:23:49,520 microscopic particles of iron oxide are permanently suspended in other words a 958 00:23:49,520 --> 00:23:49,530 permanently suspended in other words a 959 00:23:49,530 --> 00:23:52,700 permanently suspended in other words a fuel with magnetic properties the 960 00:23:52,700 --> 00:23:52,710 fuel with magnetic properties the 961 00:23:52,710 --> 00:23:54,620 fuel with magnetic properties the technology we developed to solve our 962 00:23:54,620 --> 00:23:54,630 technology we developed to solve our 963 00:23:54,630 --> 00:23:57,170 technology we developed to solve our fuel problems in space is now being used 964 00:23:57,170 --> 00:23:57,180 fuel problems in space is now being used 965 00:23:57,180 --> 00:23:59,570 fuel problems in space is now being used to entertain you with higher quality 966 00:23:59,570 --> 00:23:59,580 to entertain you with higher quality 967 00:23:59,580 --> 00:24:03,200 to entertain you with higher quality audio reproduction everyday ferrofluid 968 00:24:03,200 --> 00:24:03,210 audio reproduction everyday ferrofluid 969 00:24:03,210 --> 00:24:05,180 audio reproduction everyday ferrofluid research led to development of fuels 970 00:24:05,180 --> 00:24:05,190 research led to development of fuels 971 00:24:05,190 --> 00:24:06,740 research led to development of fuels that are controllable in the 972 00:24:06,740 --> 00:24:06,750 that are controllable in the 973 00:24:06,750 --> 00:24:09,170 that are controllable in the weightlessness of space this eliminates 974 00:24:09,170 --> 00:24:09,180 weightlessness of space this eliminates 975 00:24:09,180 --> 00:24:11,360 weightlessness of space this eliminates the problem in space vehicles cause 976 00:24:11,360 --> 00:24:11,370 the problem in space vehicles cause 977 00:24:11,370 --> 00:24:14,480 the problem in space vehicles cause chugging this chugging effect is from 978 00:24:14,480 --> 00:24:14,490 chugging this chugging effect is from 979 00:24:14,490 --> 00:24:16,760 chugging this chugging effect is from lack of fuel or even flow of fuel 980 00:24:16,760 --> 00:24:16,770 lack of fuel or even flow of fuel 981 00:24:16,770 --> 00:24:19,790 lack of fuel or even flow of fuel through the engines as a result the 982 00:24:19,790 --> 00:24:19,800 through the engines as a result the 983 00:24:19,800 --> 00:24:21,920 through the engines as a result the commercial applications of ferrofluid 984 00:24:21,920 --> 00:24:21,930 commercial applications of ferrofluid 985 00:24:21,930 --> 00:24:24,110 commercial applications of ferrofluid are providing a wide variety of new 986 00:24:24,110 --> 00:24:24,120 are providing a wide variety of new 987 00:24:24,120 --> 00:24:26,630 are providing a wide variety of new products for consumer use and some major 988 00:24:26,630 --> 00:24:26,640 products for consumer use and some major 989 00:24:26,640 --> 00:24:29,350 products for consumer use and some major improvements in old-time favorites 990 00:24:29,350 --> 00:24:29,360 improvements in old-time favorites 991 00:24:29,360 --> 00:24:32,300 improvements in old-time favorites ferrofluid serves as an excellent heat 992 00:24:32,300 --> 00:24:32,310 ferrofluid serves as an excellent heat 993 00:24:32,310 --> 00:24:34,430 ferrofluid serves as an excellent heat transfer medium for cooling the voice 994 00:24:34,430 --> 00:24:34,440 transfer medium for cooling the voice 995 00:24:34,440 --> 00:24:36,680 transfer medium for cooling the voice coil in a speaker so the system's 996 00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:36,690 coil in a speaker so the system's 997 00:24:36,690 --> 00:24:38,630 coil in a speaker so the system's ability to handle higher power is 998 00:24:38,630 --> 00:24:38,640 ability to handle higher power is 999 00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:41,150 ability to handle higher power is increased and speaker failure is 1000 00:24:41,150 --> 00:24:41,160 increased and speaker failure is 1001 00:24:41,160 --> 00:24:44,150 increased and speaker failure is decreased for the manufacturers the 1002 00:24:44,150 --> 00:24:44,160 decreased for the manufacturers the 1003 00:24:44,160 --> 00:24:46,490 decreased for the manufacturers the bottom line is better quality fewer 1004 00:24:46,490 --> 00:24:46,500 bottom line is better quality fewer 1005 00:24:46,500 --> 00:24:48,710 bottom line is better quality fewer returns or defects and lower 1006 00:24:48,710 --> 00:24:48,720 returns or defects and lower 1007 00:24:48,720 --> 00:24:53,270 returns or defects and lower manufacturing costs dr. Ronald Moskowitz 1008 00:24:53,270 --> 00:24:53,280 manufacturing costs dr. Ronald Moskowitz 1009 00:24:53,280 --> 00:24:55,640 manufacturing costs dr. Ronald Moskowitz and dr. Ronald rosin wife have been 1010 00:24:55,640 --> 00:24:55,650 and dr. Ronald rosin wife have been 1011 00:24:55,650 --> 00:24:57,350 and dr. Ronald rosin wife have been working on the development of magnetic 1012 00:24:57,350 --> 00:24:57,360 working on the development of magnetic 1013 00:24:57,360 --> 00:24:59,960 working on the development of magnetic fluid and with the cooperation of NASA's 1014 00:24:59,960 --> 00:24:59,970 fluid and with the cooperation of NASA's 1015 00:24:59,970 --> 00:25:01,970 fluid and with the cooperation of NASA's technology utilization services 1016 00:25:01,970 --> 00:25:01,980 technology utilization services 1017 00:25:01,980 --> 00:25:03,940 technology utilization services department they obtained a vice 1018 00:25:03,940 --> 00:25:03,950 department they obtained a vice 1019 00:25:03,950 --> 00:25:06,279 department they obtained a vice to use the technology that NASA Lewis 1020 00:25:06,279 --> 00:25:06,289 to use the technology that NASA Lewis 1021 00:25:06,289 --> 00:25:08,560 to use the technology that NASA Lewis Research Center had developed putting 1022 00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:08,570 Research Center had developed putting 1023 00:25:08,570 --> 00:25:10,210 Research Center had developed putting all this together they founded 1024 00:25:10,210 --> 00:25:10,220 all this together they founded 1025 00:25:10,220 --> 00:25:12,850 all this together they founded ferrofluid excoriation and have 1026 00:25:12,850 --> 00:25:12,860 ferrofluid excoriation and have 1027 00:25:12,860 --> 00:25:14,769 ferrofluid excoriation and have successfully advanced and applied the 1028 00:25:14,769 --> 00:25:14,779 successfully advanced and applied the 1029 00:25:14,779 --> 00:25:16,659 successfully advanced and applied the technology for a wide range of 1030 00:25:16,659 --> 00:25:16,669 technology for a wide range of 1031 00:25:16,669 --> 00:25:19,690 technology for a wide range of commercial uses applications have ranged 1032 00:25:19,690 --> 00:25:19,700 commercial uses applications have ranged 1033 00:25:19,700 --> 00:25:21,549 commercial uses applications have ranged from integrated circuit production 1034 00:25:21,549 --> 00:25:21,559 from integrated circuit production 1035 00:25:21,559 --> 00:25:24,159 from integrated circuit production visual displays analytical 1036 00:25:24,159 --> 00:25:24,169 visual displays analytical 1037 00:25:24,169 --> 00:25:26,799 visual displays analytical instrumentation automated machine tools 1038 00:25:26,799 --> 00:25:26,809 instrumentation automated machine tools 1039 00:25:26,809 --> 00:25:31,139 instrumentation automated machine tools and industrial processes from us to you 1040 00:25:31,139 --> 00:25:31,149 and industrial processes from us to you 1041 00:25:31,149 --> 00:25:34,600 and industrial processes from us to you working for you and with you the 1042 00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:34,610 working for you and with you the 1043 00:25:34,610 --> 00:25:37,269 working for you and with you the technology is here which your ideas can 1044 00:25:37,269 --> 00:25:37,279 technology is here which your ideas can 1045 00:25:37,279 --> 00:25:40,299 technology is here which your ideas can grow let's work together call the 1046 00:25:40,299 --> 00:25:40,309 grow let's work together call the 1047 00:25:40,309 --> 00:25:42,340 grow let's work together call the technology utilization office nearest 1048 00:25:42,340 --> 00:25:42,350 technology utilization office nearest 1049 00:25:42,350 --> 00:25:47,830 technology utilization office nearest you for more information if you would 1050 00:25:47,830 --> 00:25:47,840 you for more information if you would 1051 00:25:47,840 --> 00:25:49,960 you for more information if you would like to contact NASA about spin-offs 1052 00:25:49,960 --> 00:25:49,970 like to contact NASA about spin-offs 1053 00:25:49,970 --> 00:25:52,210 like to contact NASA about spin-offs please watch the credits at the end of 1054 00:25:52,210 --> 00:25:52,220 please watch the credits at the end of 1055 00:25:52,220 --> 00:25:54,269 please watch the credits at the end of the show on where to write or call 1056 00:25:54,269 --> 00:25:54,279 the show on where to write or call 1057 00:25:54,279 --> 00:25:56,889 the show on where to write or call that's all we have for this edition of 1058 00:25:56,889 --> 00:25:56,899 that's all we have for this edition of 1059 00:25:56,899 --> 00:25:59,919 that's all we have for this edition of NASA images but before we go let me 1060 00:25:59,919 --> 00:25:59,929 NASA images but before we go let me 1061 00:25:59,929 --> 00:26:01,690 NASA images but before we go let me remind you that you're cordially invited 1062 00:26:01,690 --> 00:26:01,700 remind you that you're cordially invited 1063 00:26:01,700 --> 00:26:04,539 remind you that you're cordially invited to see the displays at the Visitor 1064 00:26:04,539 --> 00:26:04,549 to see the displays at the Visitor 1065 00:26:04,549 --> 00:26:06,340 to see the displays at the Visitor Center here at the NASA Lewis Research 1066 00:26:06,340 --> 00:26:06,350 Center here at the NASA Lewis Research 1067 00:26:06,350 --> 00:26:08,830 Center here at the NASA Lewis Research Center we're located near the Hopkins 1068 00:26:08,830 --> 00:26:08,840 Center we're located near the Hopkins 1069 00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:10,500 Center we're located near the Hopkins international airport in Cleveland 1070 00:26:10,500 --> 00:26:10,510 international airport in Cleveland 1071 00:26:10,510 --> 00:26:14,139 international airport in Cleveland admission is free until next time this 1072 00:26:14,139 --> 00:26:14,149 admission is free until next time this 1073 00:26:14,149 --> 00:27:41,730 admission is free until next time this is Lynn Bondurant saying goodbye 1074 00:27:41,730 --> 00:27:41,740 1075 00:27:41,740 --> 00:27:54,950 you 1076 00:27:54,950 --> 00:27:54,960 1077 00:27:54,960 --> 00:27:57,020 you